Overview of 4x4 Keypad

The keypad is used as an input device to read the key pressed by the user and to process it.

4x4 keypad consists of 4 rows and 4 columns. Switches are placed between the rows and columns.

A key-press establishes a connection between the corresponding row and column, between which the switch is placed.

For more information about the keypad and how to use it, refer to the topic 4x4 Keypad in the sensors and modules section.

Connection Diagram of 4x4 Keypad with MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad

Example

Reading the key pressed on the 4x4 keypad and displaying it on the serial terminal of Energia.

Here, we will be using the Keypad library by Mark Stanley and Alexander Brevig.

Download this library from here.

Extract the library and add it to the libraries folder path of Energia IDE.

For information about how to add a custom library to the Energia IDE and use examples from it, refer to Adding Library To Energia IDE in the Basics section.

You can find more information about the Keypad library over here.

Once the library has been added to the Energia IDE, open the IDE and open the example sketch for CustomKeypad from the library added.

Tread Carefully: MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad board has a RAM of 512 bytes which is easily filled, especially while using different libraries. There are times when you need the Serial buffer to be large enough to contain the data you want and you will have to modify the buffer size for the Serial library. While doing such things, we must ensure that the code does not utilize more than 70% RAM. This could lead to the code working in an erratic manner, working well at times, and failing miserably at others. 

There are times when the RAM usage may exceed 70% and the codes will work absolutely fine, and times when the code will not work even when the RAM usage is 65%. 

In such cases, a bit of trial and error with the buffer size and/or variables may be necessary.

4x4 Keypad Code for MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad

/* @file CustomKeypad.pde
|| @version 1.0
|| @author Alexander Brevig
|| @contact [email protected]
||
|| @description
|| | Demonstrates changing the keypad size and key values.
|| #
*/
#include <Keypad.h>

const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows
const byte COLS = 4; //four columns
//define the cymbols on the buttons of the keypads
char hexaKeys[ROWS][COLS] = {
  {'0','1','2','3'},
  {'4','5','6','7'},
  {'8','9','A','B'},
  {'C','D','E','F'}
};
byte rowPins[ROWS] = {11, 12, 13, 14}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
byte colPins[COLS] = {7, 8, 9, 10}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad

//initialize an instance of class NewKeypad
Keypad customKeypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(hexaKeys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS); 

void setup(){
  Serial.begin(9600);
}
  
void loop(){
  char customKey = customKeypad.getKey();
  
  if (customKey){
    Serial.println(customKey);
  }
}

Video of 4x4 Matrix Keypad With MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad

Function Used

makeKeymap(keys)

• This function is used to initialize the internal keymap to be equal to the user-defined keymap (in function syntax given above, keys).

Keypad customKeypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, rows, cols)

• This defines an object customKeypad of the class Keypad and initializes it.
• rowPins and colPins are the pins on the MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad board to which the rows and columns of the keypad are connected to.
• rows and cols are the numbers of rows and columns the keypad has.

customKeypad.getKey()

• This function is used to identify which key is pressed on the keypad.

Note

byte rowPins[ROWS] = {R1, R2, R3, R4}; /* connect to the row pinouts of the keypad */
byte colPins[COLS] = {C1, C2, C3, C4}; /* connect to the column pinouts of the keypad */

If you do not connect the pins according to this function, the key-press identification will not give results according to the keypad you have defined.

Word of Caution: The example sketch Custom Keypad included in the Keypad library is written for the Arduino board and hence should not be uploaded as it is to the MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad board. Doing so may give errors and might even damage the board in some cases. Change the pins specified for rows and columns in the example sketch as shown in the above sketch and make connections as shown in the interfacing diagram. Avoid using pins 3 (P1_1) and 4 (P1_2) of the MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad board while using the serial monitor as it may cause an issue (because the Serial monitor also uses these pins for communication).

1-Wire interfacing of Keypad With MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad

The above-shown interfacing consumes 8 GPIO pins of the MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad board. By using the 1-wire interfacing method for the keypad, we can achieve the same result as above using just 1 GPIO pin.

This method makes use of a simple voltage divider concept to generate different voltages for each key pressed.

Let’s see how to interface the keypad to MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad using a single GPIO pin.

Connection Diagram of 1 Wire Keypad with MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad

1 Wire Keypad Code for MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);	/* Define baud rate for serial communication */
}

void loop() {
  int adc_val;
  adc_val = analogRead(A1);	/* Read input from keypad */
  if (adc_val>850)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("0");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>450  && adc_val<550)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("1");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>330  && adc_val<370)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("2");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>260  && adc_val<280)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("3");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>190  && adc_val<210)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("4");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>165  && adc_val<185)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("5");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>148  && adc_val<164)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("6");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>132  && adc_val<147)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("7");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>=121  && adc_val<=131)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("8");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>=115  && adc_val<=120)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("9");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>=107  && adc_val<=113)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("A");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>=100  && adc_val<=106)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("B");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>=95  && adc_val<=99)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("C");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>=90  && adc_val<=94)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("D");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if ( adc_val>=87  && adc_val<=89)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("E");
    delay(100);
  }
  else if( adc_val>=82  && adc_val<=85)
  {
    Serial.print("Key Pressed : ");
    Serial.println("F");
    delay(100);
  }
  else
  {
	  
  }
  delay(100);
}

Video of 1 Wire Keypad With MSP-EXP430G2 TI Launchpad

Word of Caution: The ADC values used for deciding the key presses have been found out practically. You might need to find out the ADC values practically. These values have been found out for the resistor combination shown in the interfacing diagram. If you use other resistor values, the above code will give faulty output. If you decide to use other resistor values, you will have to find out the ADC values for each key press and make changes accordingly in the code.